A retinal vein occlusion occurs when one of the veins that drains blood from the retina becomes blocked. This prevents normal blood flow, causing swelling, bleeding, and damage to the retina. The retina may be deprived of oxygen and nutrients, similar to a stroke in the brain, which can lead to vision loss. Conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and atherosclerosis increase the risk of RVO.
Symptoms:
Sudden or gradual blurry vision in one eye
Dark spots or floaters
Painless vision loss
Findings:
Swelling of the retina (macular edema)
Retinal hemorrhages (bleeding)
Dilated or twisted retinal veins
Sometimes abnormal new blood vessel growth (neovascularization)
Treatment:
Intravitreal injections (anti-VEGF agents) to reduce swelling and improve vision
Steroid injections in selected cases
Laser treatment if abnormal blood vessels develop
Close monitoring to manage complications
Outcome:
Many patients experience improvement in vision with treatment
Some may have permanent vision loss, especially if the blockage is severe or complications occur
loss, especially if the blockage is severe or complications occur
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