Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-thermal laser treatment used to target abnormal blood vessels in the retina and choroid. It is particularly useful in managing conditions such as central serous retinopathy (CSR) and certain forms of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) where anti-VEGF treatment may be less effective.
Procedure Overview:
Medication Administration: Verteporfin (Visudyne), a photosensitizing agent, is infused intravenously over approximately 10 minutes.
Waiting Period: After infusion, a 5-minute wait allows the medication to accumulate in abnormal blood vessels.
Laser Activation: A low-energy, non-thermal diode laser is then applied to the affected area of the retina for 83 seconds. The laser activates verteporfin, creating reactive oxygen species that damage and seal the abnormal vessels without harming surrounding tissues.
Outpatient Setting: The entire procedure is performed in-office and typically lasts about 20–30 minutes.
Postoperative Care:
Sunlight Avoidance: Patients must avoid direct sunlight and bright indoor lighting for at least 48 hours post-treatment, as verteporfin can be activated by light throughout the body and cause skin photosensitivity.
Eye Protection: Wearing sunglasses and long sleeves outdoors is strongly recommended.
Activity Restriction: Avoid intense physical activities or UV exposure (e.g., tanning beds) during the photosensitivity period.
Follow-Up: A follow-up exam and imaging (such as OCT) will be scheduled to evaluate the response and determine if additional treatments are needed.
Potential Risks and Complications:
Photosensitivity Reactions: Temporary skin redness, rash, or blistering if exposed to sunlight too soon.
Vision Changes: Temporary blurring, decreased vision, or scotomas (blind spots) may occur post-treatment.
Retinal Damage: In rare cases, overtreatment may cause damage to healthy retinal tissue.
Infusion-Related Events: Back pain or allergic reaction during verteporfin infusion (rare).
Recurrence: Some patients may require multiple PDT sessions if symptoms recur or fluid persists.
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