A retinal detachment happens when the retina, the thin, light-sensitive layer at the back
of the eye, separates from the underlying tissue that supplies it with oxygen and
nutrients. This prevents the retina from working properly and can cause permanent
vision loss if not treated quickly. It usually starts with a retinal tear that allows fluid to
collect under the retina, lifting it away from the back of the eye. Retinal detachment is an
eye emergency that needs prompt medical attention.
Symptoms
Sudden flashes of light or a burst of new floaters
A dark shadow, curtain, or veil over part of your vision
Blurred or distorted vision
Loss of side (peripheral) vision
Usually, no pain
Findings
Detached or elevated retina seen on exam
Retinal tear or hole often present
Pigment cells or blood in the vitreous (“tobacco dust”)
Possible vitreous hemorrhage
Macula-on (not yet detached) or macula-off (detached) status affects prognosis
Treatments
Laser or Cryotherapy:Seals small tears to prevent detachment
Pneumatic Retinopexy:Gas bubble injected to press the retina back in place
Scleral Buckle:Silicone band placed around the eye to relieve traction
Vitrectomy:Removal of vitreous gel and reattachment of the retina internally
Outcomes
Excellent results if treated early, especially before the macula detaches
Over 90% of cases can be reattached successfully
Some vision loss or distortion may remain if treatment is delayed
Ongoing follow-up is essential to detect new tears or recurrences
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