A macular hole is a small break in the center of the retina (macula) that causes blurred or distorted central vision. It often develops with age due to vitreous pulling on the retina.
Symptoms
Blurry or distorted central vision
Difficulty reading or recognizing faces
A dark or missing spot in the center of vision
Findings
Full-thickness defect in the macula on OCT
Loss of central foveal contour
Posterior vitreous detachment may be present
Treatments
The standard treatment involves a pars plana vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane peeling, followed by the insertion of a gas bubble to aid in closing the macular hole. Patients are typically advised to maintain a face-down position for several days after surgery to optimize healing and improve surgical outcomes.
Outcomes
The procedure has a high success rate for achieving anatomical closure of the macular hole, though visual improvement can vary based on how long the hole has been present. Early treatment generally leads to better outcomes and greater chances of vision recovery.
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