Macular edema is a condition where fluid builds up in the macula — the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. This swelling distorts the macula, leading to blurred or wavy vision and, if untreated, can cause permanent vision loss.
Symptoms
Blurry or wavy central vision
Faded colors
Difficulty reading or focusing on details
Findings
Swelling in the macula seen on OCT
Leakage or microaneurysms on angiography
Thickened retina on clinical exam
Treatments
Treatment may include anti-VEGF or steroid injections, as well as focal or grid laser therapy for cases that do not involve the center of the macula. Managing underlying conditions, such as diabetes, is also essential to control disease progression and preserve vision.
Outcomes
Many patients are able to recover vision with ongoing treatment, although long-term injections may be necessary. Early diagnosis plays a critical role in improving the long-term prognosis.
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