Diabetic retinopathy is caused by long-term high blood sugar damaging retinal blood vessels. It ranges from mild changes to severe vision-threatening complications.
Symptoms
No symptoms early on
Blurred or fluctuating vision
Floaters or dark spots
Findings
Microaneurysms and hemorrhages
Retinal ischemia or neovascularization
Macular edema or tractional changes
Treatments
Treatment options may include anti-VEGF injections or steroid therapy, while panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) laser is used for proliferative disease. In more advanced cases involving bleeding or retinal traction, a vitrectomy may be necessary.
Outcomes
With appropriate treatment, vision can often be stabilized or even improved, but it requires regular monitoring and strict systemic control. Early detection remains crucial in preventing potential blindness.
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